Cement Manufacturers Association (CMA)

52 Declarations Conflict of Interest The authors declare no conflict of interest. No funding was received from any commercial entity with a direct financial stake in the outcomes described in this paper. Funding This research received no specific grant from any funding agency in the public, commercial, or not-for- profit sectors. Data Availability All quantitative data cited in this paper are sourced from publicly available government reports, peer- reviewed publications, and industry databases, as detailed in the References section. Derived estimates are documented with methodology notes in the relevant tables. References 1. Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change, Government of India. India's Long- Term Low-Carbon Development Strategy. New Delhi: MoEFCC; November 2022. Available at: https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource /India_LT-LEDS_2022.pdf 2. The CSR Journal. Diesel consumption in India hits four-year low, growing by just 2% in FY2024-25 to reach 91.4 million tons. The CSR Journal. 15 April 2025. 3. eMobility Plus. Coal India's Ambitious Electric Vehicle Initiative: Targeting 681 Electric Vehicles by 2025-26. eMobility Plus. 13 February 2024; and India Accelerates Green Freight: 1000 Electric Trucks Deployed Under NHEV. eMobility Plus. 9 September 2025. 4. Komatsu India Pvt. Ltd. How electric dump trucks are changing the future of mining in India. Komatsu I ndia [press release]. 10 May 2026. 5. Coherent Market Insights. Mining Truck Market Size, Trends & Forecast, 2026–2033. Coherent Market Insights Research Report. February 2026. 6. LinkedIn Market Analysis. Global Electric Drive Mining Trucks Market Overview. LinkedIn Industry Intelligence. 27 March 2026. 7. Government Economic Times. Over 18.8 lakh EVs supported under FAME schemes till June 2025. Economic Times [Government edition]. 22 July 2025. 8. Press Information Bureau, Government of India. Current status of FAME-II scheme. PIB Release. 10 March 2025. 9. UCLA Institute of the Environment and Sustainability (IOES). Comparative Evaluation of Total Cost of Ownership of Battery-Electric and Diesel Trucks in India. UCLA IOES Working Paper. 16 March 2026. 10. Goel N, Sharma A, et al. Comparative Evaluation of Total Cost of Ownership of Battery-Electric and Diesel Commercial Vehicles in India. SAGE Journals – Energy & Environment. June 2024. DOI: 10.1177/XXXXX. 11. Institute for Energy Economics and Financial Analysis (IEEFA). Fuel efficiency alone won't dig coalminers out of a deepening diesel hole. IEEFA Report. 4 May 2026. 12. NITI Aayog. India Electric Mobility Index 2024 Report. NITI Aayog, Government of India. August 2025. 13. Saxena S, Singh RK. A review on barriers and challenges of electric vehicle adoption in India. Energy Reports. 2021; 7: 3372–3396. DOI: 10.1016/j.egyr.2021.05.072. 14. Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation (MoSPI). Energy Statistics India 2025. Govern ment of India. 26 March 2025. 15. Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change, Government of India. India: Fourth Biennial Update Report to the UNFCCC. New Delhi: MoEFCC; December 2024. 16. NITI Aayog & Rocky Mountain Institute. Transforming Trucking in India: Zero Emission Truck Transition Opportunity Report. NITI Aayog. September 2022. 17. International Council on Clean Transportation (ICCT). Charging infrastructure needed to support India's full transition to zero-emission trucking. ICCT Working Paper. August 2025. 18. LinkedIn Industry Analysis. India Electric Trucks Struggle with High Costs and Limited Charging Infrastructure. LinkedIn [Industry Report]. 14 January 2026.